In addition to obvious dangers such as rodenticides, insecticidesand weed killers, cats may be poisoned by many chemicals that are usually considered safe.[94] This is because their livers are less effective at some forms of detoxification than those of other animals, including humans and dogs.[26][95] Some of the most common causes of poisoning in cats are antifreeze and rodent baits.[96] It has also been suggested that cats may be particularly sensitive to environmental pollutants.[94][97] When a cat has a sudden or prolonged serious illness without any obvious cause, it is therefore possible that it has been exposed to a toxin.
Human medicines should never be given to cats. For example, the painkiller paracetamol (also called acetaminophen), sold under brand names such as Tylenol and Panadol is extremely toxic to cats: even very small doses can be fatal and need immediate treatment.[98][99] Even aspirin, which is sometimes used to treatarthritis in cats, is much more toxic to them than to humans and must be administered cautiously.[94] Similarly, application ofminoxidil (Rogaine) to the skin of cats, either accidentally or by well-meaning owners attempting to counter loss of fur, has sometimes been fatal.[100] Essential oils can be toxic to cats and there have been reported cases of serious illnesses caused by tea tree oil, and tea tree oil-based flea treatments and shampoos.[101]
Other common household substances that should be used with caution around cats include mothballs and other naphthaleneproducts.[94] Phenol-based products are often used for cleaning and disinfecting near cats' feeding areas or litter boxes: such as Pine-Sol, Dettol (Lysol) or hexachlorophene,[94] but these can sometimes be fatal.[102] Ethylene glycol, often used as an automotive antifreeze, is particularly appealing to cats, and as little as a teaspoonful can be fatal.[103] Some human foods are toxic to cats; for example theobromine in chocolate can causetheobromine poisoning, although few cats will eat chocolate.[104]Large amounts of onions or garlic are also poisonous to cats.[94]Many houseplants are also dangerous,[105] such as Philodendronspecies and the leaves of the Easter Lily, which can cause permanent and life-threatening kidney damage.[106]
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